In 1950, the earliest germanium alloy transistor with useful value was born. In 1954, the junction silicon transistor was born. Since then, the concept of field effect transistors has been proposed. With the emergence and development of material technologies such as defect-free crystallization and defect control, crystal growth technology and diffusion doping technology, pressure-resistant oxide film preparation technology, corrosion and lithography technology, various electronic devices with excellent performance have appeared one after another. , Electronic components have gradually entered the era of transistors and large-scale, ultra-large-scale integrated circuits from the vacuum tube era. Gradually form the semiconductor industry as a representative of high-tech industries.
Due to the needs of social development, electronic devices are becoming more and more complex, which requires electronic devices to have the characteristics of reliability, high speed, low power consumption, light weight, miniaturization, and low cost. Since the idea of integrated circuits was proposed in the 1950s, the first generation of integrated circuits was successfully developed in the 1960s due to the advancement of comprehensive technologies such as material technology, device technology and circuit design. in the history of semiconductor development.